CONTEXTUAL INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION VERSES ACCORDING TO ABDURRAHMAN WAHID

Abstract

Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) is recognized as the father of Indonesian tolerance because his ideas reflected wasaṭiyyah (moderate) Islamic values. His progressive approach aims to overcome socio-religious and national problems through contextual interpretation of the Qur’an and birth to a moderate thinking model that aligns with principles of tolerance, brotherhood, and nationalism. Research from the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta shows that a lack of external and internal empathy deficits for Muslims as the majority causes low tolerance. Therefore, it is essential to highlight Gus Dur’s thoughts on religious moderation from his work Islamku, Islam Anda, and Islam Kita. Gus Dur views Islam as a unique experience that should be understood, not forced. Gus Dur distinguishes Islam Anda as an obligation to respect the beliefs and traditions held by a particular community. This research was carried out through a literature study using the content analysis method and Gus Dur’s writings, especially my Islam, your Islam, our Islam. The aim is to revitalize the concept of religious moderation in the style of Gus Dur, who prefers to be called the father of humanity. The result shows Gus Dur’s concept of religious moderation, including awareness of religious diversity, implementing the function of religion for the public good, adopting a nationalist orientation, emphasizing interreligious dialogue, and upholding the principles of justice professionalism, and tolerance.

References

‘Alī, Abū Aḥmad Muḥammad Amān bin ‘Alī Jāmī. Al-‘Aql wa al-Naql Inda Ibn Rushd. Madinah: Al-Jami’ah al-Islamiyyah bi Madinah al-Munawwarah, 1978.

Almu’tasim, Amru. “Berkaca NU dan Muhammadiyah dalam Mewujudkan Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Islam di Indonesia.” Tarbiya Islamia: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keislaman 8, no. 2 (August 25, 2019): 199–212.

Amin, Syaifullah. “Gus Dur: Perlu Kontekstualisasi Tafsir.” NU Online. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://nu.or.id/warta/gus-dur-perlu-kontekstualisasi-tafsir-BB4gR.

Aṣfahānī, Rāghib al-. Mu‘jam Mufrodāt al-Fāẓ al-Qur’ān. Beirūt: Dār al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyyah, 2004.

Asmani, Jamal Makmur. “Tawassuth Kiai Sahal.” Pesantren.ID (blog), March 10, 2020. https://pesantren.id/tawassuth-kiai-sahal-2176/.

Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI. Moderasi Beragama. Jakarta: Kementerian Agama RI, 2019.

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme. “Kepala BNPT RI: Indonesia Tidak Boleh Lengah Hadapi Gerakan Radikalisme di Bawah Permukaan.” BNPT, July 28, 2023. https://www.bnpt.go.id/kepala-bnpt-ri-indonesia-tidak-boleh-lengah-hadapi-gerakan-radikalisme-di-bawah-permukaan.

Barton, Greg. Biografi Gus Dur The Authorized Biography of Abdurrahman Wahid. Yogyakarta: Saufa, 2016.

Dictionary.com. “Moderation Definition & Usage Examples.” Accessed December 11, 2023. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/moderation.

Fajarwanto, Syafri. “Penafsiran Al-Qur’an Perspektif Gus Dur dalam Buku Islam Ku, Islam Anda, Islam Kita.” Syariati: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hukum 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 175–88. https://doi.org/10.32699/syariati.v8i2.4250.

Fathurrahman, Oman. “Moderasi Beragama.” DetikNews. Accessed December 11, 2023. https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-5305354/moderasi-beragama.

Hamid, M. Jejak Sang Guru Bangsa. Yogyakarta: Galang Pustaka, 2014.

Hasbiyallah, Muhammad. “Paradigma Tafsir Kontekstual: Upaya Membumikan Nilai-Nilai Al-Qur’an.” Al-Dzikra: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits 12, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.24042/al-dzikra.v12i1.2924.

Islami, Wildah Nurul. “Model Tafsir Kontekstual Abdurrahman Wahid: Telaah Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an Tentang Konsep Moderasi Beragama.” MAGHZA: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 273–93. https://doi.org/10.24090/maghza.v6i2.5041.

Khoeron, Moh. “Ini Tiga Kecenderungan Penyebab Pentingnya Moderasi Beragama.” https://kemenag.go.id. Accessed December 11, 2023. https://kemenag.go.id/moderasi-beragama/ini-tiga-kecenderungan-penyebab-pentingnya-moderasi-beragama-b7aprr.

Marta, Bob. “Konflik Agama dan Krisis Intoleransi: Tantangan Atau Mimpi Buruk Keberagaman Indonesia?” Pusat Studi Kemanusiaan dan Pembangunan (blog), August 6, 2020. http://www.pskp.or.id/2020/08/06/konflik-agama-dan-krisis-intoleransi-tantangan-atau-mimpi-buruk-keberagaman-indonesia/.

“Moderasi.” In KBBI VI Daring. Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, 2016. https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/moderasi.

“Moderat.” In KBBI VI Daring. Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, 2016. https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/moderat.

Musa, Ali Masykur. Pemikiran dan Sikap Politik Gus Dur. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2010.

Nada, Qathrun. “Tafsir Kontekstual KH. Abdurrahman Wahid (Telaah 9 Nilai Pemikiran Utama Gus Dur).” Skripsi, Institut Ilmu Al Quran (IIQ) Jakarta, 2020. http://repository.iiq.ac.id//handle/123456789/1196.

SETARA Institute for Democracy and Peace. “Ringkasan Laporan Survei Toleransi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA).” Jakarta: SETARA Institute for Democracy and Peace, n.d.

Syarkun, Mukhlas. Ensiklopedi Abdurrahman Wahid. Vol. 1. Jakarta: PPKI, 2013.

Tapingku, Joni. “Opini: Moderasi Beragama Sebagai Perekat dan Pemersatu Bangsa.” IAIN Parepare, September 15, 2021. https://www.iainpare.ac.id/en/blog/opinion-5/opini-moderasi-beragama-sebagai-perekat-dan-pemersatu-bangsa-1079.

Tim Penyusun Kementerian Agama RI. Tanya Jawab Moderasi Beragama. Jakarta: Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI, 2019.

Triono, Aru Lego. “Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia Masih Rendah pada Aspek Toleransi.” NU Online. Accessed December 12, 2023. https://webdisk.nu.or.id/nasional/moderasi-beragama-di-indonesia-masih-rendah-pada-aspek-toleransi-NRliV.

Tsani, Achmad Luqman. “Kontekstualisasi Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Tentang Memaafkan dalam Perspektif M. Quraish Shihab.” Skripsi, IAIN Kediri, 2023. https://etheses.iainkediri.ac.id/9902/.

Wahid, Abdurrahman. Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita: Agama Masyarakat Demokratis. Jakarta: Democracy Project, 2011.

———. Islam Kosmopolitan: Nilai-nilai Indonesia & Transformasi Kebudayaan. Jakarta: The Wahid Institute, 2007.

Zamimah, Iffaty. “Moderatisme Islam dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan.” Al-Fanar: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 75–90. https://doi.org/10.33511/alfanar.v1n1.75-90.