MEMOTRET KESEMPURNAAN INSAN MENURUT FILSAFAT JIWA IBN SĪNĀ

Abstract

This paper aims to offer a new perspective on understanding human perfection through
Ibn Sīnā’s philosophical framework which is seen as being able to correct the mistakes of
western philosophers. It is known that Sigmund Freud and Thomas Hobbes understood
human existence physically. As a result, the soul which is seen as the substance of human
existence is seen as materialistic which can be measured materially to achieve perfection
in reality. The implication is that human perfection is also seen as partially. Partial
perfection does not explain the value, dignity and happiness of humans universally, so the
views of Sigmund Freud and Thomas Hobbes do not lead humans to holistic perfection, as
human nature wants absolutes. In order to overcome the paradigm of Sigmund Freud and
Thomas Hobbes, this paper explores human perfection according to Ibn Sīnā’s philosophy
of the soul through one of his magnumopuses, entitled Mabda wa al-Ma’ad. By using a
descriptive-philosophical method, the conclusion is that Ibn Sīnā examines the existence
of the soul through a transcendental approach. According to Ibn Sīnā, the existence of
the soul cannot be perceived through the senses. Conversely, the existence of the soul
can be known through human awareness of correct knowledge, called ma’rifatal-Ḥaq
to systematize various human behavior, called ma’rifat al-khair. Human understanding
of ma’rifat al-Ḥaq and ma’rifat al-khair will guide him towards holistic perfection, both
paradigmatically and behaviorally.