Epistemologi Sufi : Perspektif Al-Hakim Al-Tirmidzi
Abstract
Abstract : This article deals with some epistemological terms and theoretical postulates in the thought of a well known sufi from the 9th century AD., Abu `Abdu’lLah Muhammad b. `Ali al-Hakim al-Tirmidzi, in order to describe the path (sulūk) of a sufi towards the Ultimate Reality. In his own style thought about the sufis, placing an emphasis upon the strong relations between the walāyah (sufi sainthood) and the ma`rifa (sufi knowledge) in the one side, and between the two a philosophy of Sufi Ethics. So, it is nothing out of the ordinary to fi nd his ethical inclinations as a dominant feature in every aspect of his epistemological thoughts. In addition, sufi epistemology in the perspective of philosophers focuses on enforcing the inner positive potents of the Self more so than to eliminate “the satanic influences” to the heart, because – in al-Tirmidzi’s argument is that the former would greatly improve the immunity of the self, and encourage it to tread consistently on the right path as well.
Keywords : Dhawq, eros, heart, exoteric, esoteric, al-Haqq, al-`Adl, al-Shidq
Abstrak : Artikel ini membahas istilah-istilah epistemologi dan beberapa postulat dari seorang sufi terkenal abad ke-9, Abu `Abdu’lLahMuh ammad b.`Ali al-Hakim al-Tirmidzi, dalam upaya menggambarkan perjalanan suluk seorang sufi menuju Realitas Mutlak. Dalam gaya pemikirannya tentang sufi, kita menemukan bahwa figur ini cenderung menekankan hubungan-hubungan yang kuat antara wal āyah (kewalian sufi) dan ma‘rifa (pengetahuan sufi) di satu sisi, dan antara keduanya dengan filsafat moral sufi. Jadi, tidak aneh jika kita menemukan kecenderungan - kecenderungan etis yang dominan dalam setiap aspek pemikiran epistemologinya. Dan epistemologi sufi dalam perspektif para filsuf lebih menekankan potensi inner Diri yang positif daripada menghapuskan “cara-cara syaitan” dalam hati, karena - menurut pendapat al-Tirmidzi – ia akan meningkatkan kekebalan diri, dan juga mendorongnya untuk tetap berada di jalan yang lurus.
Kata kunci : Dzawq, eros, hati, eksoteris, esoteris, al-Haqq, al-`Adl, al-Shidq
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